Best Practices

Essential practices for ensuring the long-term security, integrity, and usability of your archive.

Advanced Storage: Btrfs & ZFS

Btrfs is integrated into the Linux kernel and provides significant advantages for archiving.

  • Data Integrity: Checksums for all data and metadata
  • Auto-repair: Fixes corrupt blocks in RAID1 using good copy
  • Snapshots: Instant, space-efficient backups
  • Compression: Transparent file compression saves space
Btrfs commands
# Enable Btrfs compression when mounting
sudo mount -o compress=zstd /dev/sdX /mnt/archive

# Create a read-only snapshot
sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot -r /mnt/archive /mnt/snapshots/archive_$(date +%F)

The 3-2-1-1-0 Backup Rule

3
copies of data
2
different media types
1
off-site copy
1
immutable/air-gapped
0
verified errors

Security: Protecting Your Archive

Isolate Archiving

Run downloads inside a VM (qemu/kvm) or container

Scan for Malware

Use ClamAV to scan archives, especially nested ones

Verify Integrity

Regularly verify checksums to detect corruption or tampering

Beware Archived Malware

Use a patched browser with ad blocker when browsing archives

Long-Term Format Preservation

Text
.txt, .md
Documents
PDF/A, .odt
Images
TIFF, PNG, JPEG
Audio
FLAC, MP3
Video
.mkv (H.264, AV1)
Web
WARC, SingleFile HTML

Be prepared to migrate your collection to new formats every 5-10 years as standards evolve.